Skin cancer is common around the world, between two to three million non-melanoma skin cancers and 132,000 melanoma skin cancers occur globally each year. It is the abnormal growth of skin cells, often developing on skin exposed to the sun, but it can also occur in areas not ordinarily exposed to sunlight.
Skin cancer is more treatable in the early stage, so it’s crucial to identify it early through a visual skin examination.
When to get screening for skin cancer
There is no specific time that tells you to get a screening test for skin cancer, but certain things can determine that you are at risk. These include having light skin, blonde or red hair, blue or green eyes, skin that burns or freckles easily, a history of sunburns, a history of using tanning beds, occupational exposure to the sun, a family or personal history of skin cancer, and a large number of moles.
Screening is important for early detection and treatment. Here are some guidelines to help you determine when it might be time for screening for skin cancer:
- Regular Check-ups:
- Adults should have skin cancer screenings as part of their routine health check-ups. The frequency can vary based on personal risk factors.
- Personal Risk Factors:
- Family History: If you have a family history of skin cancer, you should consider more frequent screenings.
- Personal History: If you have previously had skin cancer, regular screenings are essential.
- Skin Type: People with fair skin, light hair, and light eyes are at a higher risk.
- Sun Exposure: High levels of sun exposure, history of sunburns, or use of tanning beds increase the risk.
- Changes in the Skin:
- New Growths: Any new skin growths or moles should be examined.
- Changes in Existing Moles: Look for changes in the shape, color, or texture of your mole.
- Sores That Don’t Heal: Any sore or lesion that doesn’t heal within a few weeks should be checked.
- Other Symptoms: Itching, tenderness, or pain in an area that doesn’t go away.
- Age and Gender:
- Age: Individuals over 50 are at a higher risk and should consider more frequent screenings.
- Gender: Men are at a higher risk for certain types of skin cancer.
- Professional Recommendations:
- Dermatologist Advice: Follow the recommendations of your dermatologist. They may suggest a screening schedule based on your risk factors.
- Self-exams: Regular self-examinations can help you notice changes in your skin that may require professional evaluation.
Note: The fact that you are at higher risk doesn’t guarantee that you will develop skin cancer, but it might be necessary to begin routine screenings.
What should you expect During the Screening for skin cancer?
Skin cancer screenings involve a straightforward visual examination to identify any suspicious-looking areas. You will be provided with a gown and asked to change for a head-to-toe examination, covering all areas that you are comfortable having checked.
During the screening, your doctor will meticulously examine your body for signs of precancerous actinic keratoses, as well as basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas. They will also look for abnormal moles that could indicate melanoma. If any suspicious moles or growths are found, your doctor will decide whether monitoring or removal is the best course of action and may take photographs to aid in monitoring them.
If needed, a doctor might suggest taking a small sample of your skin to check a suspicious growth. You should get the results within a week, along with instructions for what to do next. Even though dermatologists are really good at finding issues with your skin, it’s still important to tell them about any changes or worries you’ve noticed.
Prevention Steps For Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is highly preventable, as it is usually caused by exposure to UV rays. To lower your risk, it is crucial to protect your skin from the sun’s harmful effects, this can involve the following:
- Sun Protection
- Use Sunscreen:
- Broad-Spectrum: Choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen that protects against both UVA and UVB rays.
- SPF 30 or Higher: Use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30.
- Application: Apply sunscreen generously 15 minutes before going outside and reapply every two hours or more often if swimming or sweating.
- Seek Shade:
- Midday Sun: Avoid the sun between 10 AM and 4 PM when UV rays are strongest.
- Shade Structures: Use umbrellas, trees, or other shelters when outdoors.
- Protective Clothing:
- Clothing: Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, or skirts made of nontransparent fabric.
- Hats: Use a wide-brimmed hat to protect your face, ears, and neck.
- Sunglasses: Wear sunglasses that block 100% UVA and UVB rays.
- Regular Skin Examinations
- a. Self-Exams:
- Frequency: Perform monthly self-examinations to check for new moles or changes in existing moles.
- ABCDEs of Melanoma: Use the ABCDE rule to assess moles: Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, and Evolving.
- b. Professional Exams:
- Dermatologist Visits: Schedule regular skin exams with a dermatologist, especially if you have risk factors for skin cancer.
- Follow Recommendations: Follow your dermatologist’s advice on the frequency of screenings based on your risk profile.
- Healthy Lifestyle Choices
- Diet:
- Antioxidants: Eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables high in antioxidants, which can help protect your skin from damage.
- Hydration: Hydrate your skin by drinking enough water and keep it healthy.
- Monitor UV Index
- UV Index:
- Check Daily: Monitor the UV index in your area to gauge the strength of UV radiation and take appropriate precautions.
The Final Word
In conclusion, regular skin cancer screening, sun protection, and early detection through self-examinations and professional exams are vital in preventing and treating skin cancer. Always consult with a dermatologist for personalized advice based on your risk factors.
